BANGKOK (AP) 鈥� The International Stabilization Force for Gaza was announced with great aplomb at the of U.S. President Donald Trump’s in February. The American general tapped to lead the 20,000-strong force said it would ensure 鈥渇uture prosperity and enduring peace鈥� after the devastating .
Three months on, he still has no force to lead as none of the five countries that pledged troops have come through with any significant contributions.
Efforts to shore up the have stalled as Hamas has refused to disarm and Israel has seized more territory while continuing to strike what it says are militant targets, often killing civilians.
has meanwhile for Arab and Muslim leaders to openly cooperate with the United States and Israel, which many in the region view as aggressors, and the resulting has sapped their resources.
Indonesian commitment of 8,000 troops on indefinite hold
The biggest blow to the planned force came about a week after the U.S. and Israel attacked Iran on Feb. 28, when Indonesia put its commitment of 8,000 troops on indefinite hold. Some 1,000 were to have been sent in April, .
Indonesian’s pledge was by far the largest of the group, which also includes Morocco, Kazakhstan, Kosovo and Albania. U.S. Maj. Gen. Jasper Jeffers, who spoke at the Board of Peace event, was to command the force.
Indonesia suspended its plans over what Defense Minister Sjafrie Sjamsoeddin said last week seemed to be a lack of commitment from a distracted Washington, saying 鈥渨e have not yet received any implementation guidelines.鈥�
鈥淣ew dynamics have emerged,鈥� he told parliament. 鈥淏ecause the intensity of the conflict between U.S. and Iranian forces remains very high, the BoP has tended to be left behind. Since the BoP has been left behind, the ISF has also been left behind.鈥�
US attack on Iran influenced Indonesia’s decision
Domestic issues may have factored into Indonesia’s decision, said Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, director of the Indonesia-Middle East/North Africa desk at Jakarta’s Center for Economic and Law Studies.
The Iran war is extremely unpopular in Indonesia, the most populous Muslim country. from soaring prices as a result of the conflict, and there is widespread skepticism of the Board of Peace.
鈥淚f you talk to the people on the street, I don鈥檛 think they believe that the Board of Peace will actually help the people of Gaza,鈥� Rakhmat said. There are also concerns about sending troops to the Middle East when the economy is faltering, he added.
Indonesia lost four peacekeepers who were part of the United Nations mission in Lebanon during . That has further soured public opinion on such international commitments, he said.
Board of Peace blames stalled ceasefire on Hamas
The U.S. military鈥檚 Central Command declined to comment or make Jeffers available for an interview, referring all queries to the Board of Peace.
Board of Peace spokesman Brad Klapper also declined to comment on Indonesia’s decision or the future of the stabilization force, pointing instead to by Nickolay Mladenov, a former Bulgarian defense minister who Trump appointed director of the Board of Peace.
Mladenov said the international force would not be able to begin operations until there was agreement and implementation of a second phase of the ceasefire, which would see Hamas disarm and Israel begin to withdraw. Israeli troops control some 60% of Gaza.
Mladenov has blamed the deadlock on Hamas, saying its disarmament is 鈥渘on-negotiable鈥� and is holding up progress on other fronts, including Israel’s withdrawal and reconstruction.
鈥淵ou cannot build a future with armed groups running the streets, hiding in tunnels and stockpiling weapons,鈥� Mladenov said in Jerusalem this month. 鈥淵ou cannot deliver reconstruction with militias on every corner.鈥�
Hamas blames delays on Israel
Hamas says Israel has repeatedly violated the ceasefire, holding up its further implementation, and has accused Mladenov of siding with Israel.
Israeli strikes have killed more than 880 Palestinians since the ceasefire, according to local health officials. Israel says it was responding to violations of the truce.
Hamas is also demanding Israel withdraw from areas seized since the start of the ceasefire, according to an Egyptian official with knowledge of the discussions, speaking on condition of anonymity to discuss closed-door talks. Egypt has long served as a mediator with Hamas.
Many of the countries that have pledged forces have refused to send troops without a deal on Hamas disarming, the official said.
Token forces committed and none yet known to be on the ground
Kazakhstan has said its support for the stabilization force would be limited to 鈥渢he humanitarian component,鈥� including sending medical units with a field hospital. Its Foreign Ministry did not respond to a request for comment.
Albania’s Defense Ministry also declined to comment on its troop commitment, saying it was a 鈥渄ynamic and ongoing process.鈥�
Earlier this month, its chief of staff, Lt. Gen. Arben Kingji, told reporters that while the military had 鈥減articipated in reconnaissance activities,鈥� no troops had yet been sent. He said only a few would be dispatched as part of the stabilization force headquarters, without giving numbers, adding that further contributions would be considered.
Kosovo, which is expected to send 20 troops, said in April that it was in the 鈥渇inal phase of preparations.鈥� The Defense Ministry did not reply to a request for an update.
Morocco’s Foreign Ministry also did not reply. At the inaugural meeting of the Board of Peace, Foreign Minister Nasser Bourita said it would deploy 鈥渉igh-level military officers to the joint military command of the ISF.鈥�
Indonesian turnaround can’t be ruled out
Despite the delays from Indonesia, Rakhmat said it was too early to rule out eventual participation in the stabilization force.
President Prabowo Subianto is a former army general who has been keen to raise Indonesia鈥檚 profile on the world stage and wants to with the U.S., Rakhmat said.
鈥淧rabowo wants to strengthen ties to Washington and sign different agreements with the U.S., so to completely withdraw and completely cancel the plan, I don’t think it’s on the table,鈥� he said.
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Associated Press reporters Samy Magdy in Cairo, Edna Tarigan in Jakarta, Yuras Karmanau in Tallinn, Estonia, Akram Oubachir in Casablanca, Morocco, and Zana Cimili in Pristina, Kosovo, contributed.
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